Nyoman Suwida dan Genggong
Kenal dengan alat music Genggong? Genggong merupakan jenis gamelan, musik tradisional Bali yang tergolong langka. Jika instrumen ini dimainkan, suara yang ditimbulkan mirip seperti suara katak sawah. Riang, gembira, saling bersahutan yang memberi kesan ngelangenin. Untuk menghasilkan nada, memanfaatkan rongga mulut sebagai resonator. “Nah, disitulah letak keunikan dari music genggong itu,” kata I Nyoman Suwida, pria asal Br. Pekandelan, Desa Batuan, Kecamatan Sukawati, Kabupaten Gianyar yang getol melestarikan kesenian Genggong.
Nyoman Suwida biasa memainkan instrument getar ini bersama penabuh lain yang tergabung dalam Komunitas Genggong Kutus miliknya. Komunitas seni ini, memiliki jadwal pentas yang padat, baik di desa tempat tinggalnya atau di luar daerah bahkan luar negeri. Jika pentas, paling tidak ada 3 jenis gending Genggong selalu dimainkan oleh Komunitas yang memiliki 15 anggota itu. Ketiga jenis gending itu, yaitu macepetan, sangkep enggung dan magenggongan. Masing-masing dari gending ini memiliki kekhasan, sehingga kalau dimainkan selalu menarik jadi. “Konon, instrument genggong ini juga lahir dari aktivitas masyarakat petani di sawah. Pada saat beristirahat di sawah, para petani mencoba membuat intsrmen dari pelepah enau yang dipakai mengahalau burung,” ungkapnya.
Macepetan diadopsi dari gending-gending rare. Permainan macepetan indentik dengan permainan anak-anak untuk bisa menyentuh kaki lawan satu sama lain. Siapa yang kakinya atau tubuhnya (kecuali tangan) di sentuh oleh lawan main dialah yang kalah dalam permainan. Instrument yang dipakai dalam komposisi ini adalah genggong, suling, sepasang kendang krumpungan dan beberapa instrument perkusi Bali lainnya. Sangkep Enggung, gending (lagu) ini banyak pengolahan suara instrument enggung (suara kodok). Awanya berlawanan satu sama lain, kemudian diakhir menemukan suatu kesepakatan dan keharmonisan. Dalam komposisinya memakai genggong, suling, bumbang, perkusi jembe, sepasang kendang krumpungan dan gong.
Sementara Magenggongan, dalam komposisinya lebih banyak menonjolkan tekhnik memainkan instrument genggong. Gending-gendingnya, sering mengadopsi gending tabuh telu genggong klasik. Kalau instrumentnya, sama seperti gending Macepatan dan Sangkep Enggung yang dipadu dengan musik minus one sebagai beat, melodi suling yang menjadi sound harmoni. “Ganding Macepatan dan Sangkep Enggung itu memang sudah ada, kami hanya mengkemas menjadi komposisi baru. Musik Genggong menarik, jika dikolaborasi dengan pemain band dan alat musik asing. Instrumen genggong mampu memberikan nuansa lain, sehingga saya sering tampil dalam sebuah kolaborasi dengan seniman local ataupun asing,” imbuh putra dari pasangan I Ketut Semong dan Ni Wayan Sopir ini.
Pria kelahiran Gianyar, 3 Agustus 1974 ini mengatakan, Genggong tak hanya menjadi seni hiburan yang unik, tetapi memainkan genggong juga sebagai latihan pernafasan pranayama. Kalau ia sakit kepala, biasanya menghilangkan dengan bermain Genggong. Itu, karena alat music ini juga sebagai bentuk latihan pernafasan. Karena itu, ia sangat tekun dan kreatif dalam mempertahankan kesenian warisan para leluhurnya. Salah satunya membentuk komunitas yang aktif melakukan pementasan. Paling menarik, ia juga mengajar anak-anak memainkan alat musik genggong itu. Ia selalu membuat alat musik itu, sehingga bisa diberikan kepada anak-anak, sebagai generasi genggong kedepan. “Saya sudah bisa memainkan genggong sejak umur 8 tahun. Saya belajar dari ayahnya sendiri. Sekarang, saya yang mengajari anak-anak,” ucapnya senang.
Pengrawit (penabuh) sekaligus pembuat alat music genggong ini tak langsung belajar, ia mengawali dari ikut-ikutan. Maklum, orang tuanya sebagai pemain genggong dan juga sebagai pembuat genggong di jamannya. Saat itu, ia belum bisa menentukan nada secara pasti. Namun karena berada dalam lingkungan seni, ia akhirnya bisa menghasilkan nada genggong. Masyarakat di kampong halamannya hampir semuanya bergelut dengan kesenian, sehingga muncul beberapa Sanggar Tari Kodok. Ia dipilih sebagai penari kodok, bukan sebagai pemain genggong. Genggong hanya boleh dimainkan oleh pengrawit, para orang tua yang memang aktif melakukan pentas di hotel.
Sekitar tahun 80-an dan 90-an, sanggar-sanggar Tari Kodok di Desa Batuan memiliki jadwal pentas yang rutin. Ia dan teman-teman juga mendapatkan kesempatan tampil menghibur para turis. Ketika jenjang sekolahnya meningkat, aktivitas berkesenian kemudian bertambah. Ia belajar memainkan suling, salah instrument tiup yang juga menjadi bagian dari pementasan Tari Kodok itu. “Komunitas genggong kami, kemudian diundang untuk tampil mengikuti sebuah festival music di Amsterdam Belanda. Festival itu menampilkan berbagai jenis music dari berbagai belahan dunia dengan media yang beragam, diantaranya alat musim dari besi, kuninghan, bambu, kayu dan lainnya. Kami peserta dari Bali menampilkan alat music pugpug,” ceritanya.
Ajang itu tak hanya memantapkan dirinya sebagai pemain genggong, tetapi tumbuh niat untuk bisa membuat instrument genggong. Dengan genggong hasil karyanya itu, ia memberikan pelatihan seni secara khusus pada anak-anak yang ada di lingkungan banjar. Pelatihan itu secara gratis, sehingga anak-anak merasa senang dan tanpa beban belajar memainkan alat music dari pelepah enau itu. Ia ingin kesenian genggong itu tetap lestari dan tidak akan mudah ditelan jaman. Keberadaannya, tak hanya ada di Batuan, tetapi juga bisa berkembang ke seluruh daerah Bali.
Jenis instrument Genggong itu sebenarnya tidak memiliki nada. Untuk mendapatkan nada dengan cara mengolah kerongkongongan seperti bumbung gamelan besi. Jadi kerongkongan itu berfungsi sebagai resonansi. Teknik memainkannya, pertama harus menemukan getaran dari ikut capung genggong. Didalamnya ada memberan yang disebut pelayah. Nah, ujung ikut capung digetarkan dengan cara menarik tali kalingan. “Saya terus membuat alat music Genggong, sehingga penyebarannya lebih banyak. Saya juga melatih wisatawan yang ingin menguasai alat music tradisional Bali. Mereka yang datang belajar lebih banyak berprofesi pemain musik atau pecinta music tradisional Bali. Saya juga melatih anak-anak di Sanggar Sunariwakya dan kadang-kadang melatih tamu hotel,” bebernya. [B/*]
Balihbalihan merupakan website yang membahas seputar informasi pariwisata dan seni budaya di Bali
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