Menjadi Seorang Dalang Mesti Paham Dharma Pewayangan
Dharma Pewayangan, kini tidak popular khususnya dikalangan seorang dalang. Apalagi, dikalangan masyarakat pedalangan terutama generasi muda sedikit sekali yang peduli dengan Dharma Pewayangan itu. Padahal, untuk menjadi seorang dalang, khususnya dalang wayang kulit sangat penting mengetahui dan belajar Dharma Pawayangan tersebut. Pustaka tersebut memuat petunjuk dan membimbing para dalang dalam melaksanakan kewajiban sebagai seorang dalang. “Bagi seorang dalang sangat penting memahami Dharma Pewayanga itu,” kata Dr. I Dewa Ketut Wicaksana, Dosen Seni Pertunjukan Institut Seni Indonesia (ISI) Denpasar.
Karena itu, ketika pria asal Nusa Penida, Kabupaten Klungkung ini mengikuti kuliah S3 di IHDN Denpasar (kini Universitas Hindu Negeri Bagus Sugriwa) itu dalam disertasinya mengangkat judul ‘Implementasi Estetika Hindu Dharma Pawayangan oleh Dalang Wayang Kulit di Bali’. Dalam penelitiannya itu, ia menemukan empat hasil temuan, yaitu naskah Dharma Pawayangan, sebuah teks suci yang di dalamnya mengandung dimensi agama, susastra dan estetika.
Pria kelahiran Geria Tengah, Nusa Penida 22 Januari 1964 ini mengatakan, teks Dharma Pewayangan itu sebagai sebuah ilmu bagi seorang dalang juga penekun spiritual. Karena dharma pewayangan itu hampir sebagian besar menyangkut tentang pengrasa jiwa yang bisa dipetik bagi masyarakat. “Nah, inilah yang mesti dipelajari untuk diterapkan bagi seseorang yang akan menjadi dalang. Memang, teks yang ada dalam Dharma Pawayangan itu masih asli dalam bentuk lontar, sehingga banyak genarasi muda yang tidak bisa membacanya,” imbuhnya.
Bagi seorang pedalangan, lanjut suami dari Jro Made Wikanti, Dharma Pewayangan itu dapat menuntun seorang dalang dari asfek tioritisnya dan asfek praktisnya. Sebaba, dalam teks itu terdapat bagaimana seorang dalang membuat dialog, juga dibagian lainnya yang menjadi semacam pakem. Teks lontar ini membahas tentang metafisika yang sangat membutuhkan pemahaman. “Itulah yang membuat saya tertarik mengangkat Dharma Pewayangan Hindu agar bisa dipahami,” ungkapnya.
Menurutnya, kedua naskah dalam konsep estetika Hindu merupakan susastra Veda, gagasan yang terbesit suratan dunia Dewani mengandung keindahan yang mengacu pada Tuhan. Ketiga teks yang menempatkan sebagai dalang sebagai subyek dan wayang sebagai obyek, keempat menempatkan tiga Dewata sebagai sumber utama Sanghyang Tiga Jnana, yakni Sanghyang Hyang Gurureka, adalah pikiran, Sanghyang Saraswati, teks tertulis, dan Sanghyang Kawiswara memperdayakan variasi kekuatan dan vocal (Bayu).
Pria ramah dan kreatif ini, meringkas kemampuan seorang dalang didukung sepenuhnya dengan kematangan kesusastraan dalam dimensi agama, susastra dan estetika. Kematengan seorang dalang memahami pengetahuan dan skill, baru boleh menjalankanya dengan pokok yang ditekankan adalah estetika Hindu. “Saya berharap dunia pawayangan di Bali ke depan semakin meningkat dalam kualitas tidak saja menguasai teknik, tetapi juga pengetahuan,” ucap Dewa Ketut Wicaksana yang yang meraih gelar Doktor dengan hasil cukup memuaskan itu.
Teks Dharma Pawayangan dengan pendekatan estetika Hindu merupakan susastra Veda yang memuat tentang dunia ide / gagasan yang terbesit siratan dunia Dewani mengandung keindahan yang bersumber pada Tuhan. Unsur keindahannya menyatu dalam trilogi estetik yang disebut tigawisesa yakni, kebenaran (satyam), kesucian (Siwam), dan keindahan (sundaram). “Model pembelajaran sekarang ini mengedepankan teknis dulu, beda dengan dulu ilmu dirinya atau tentang pembelajaran dirinya (pengaetahuan niskala) dulu. Artinya menempa dirinya dulu, sebelum keteknis,” pungkasnya. (B/*)
Balihbalihan merupakan website yang membahas seputar informasi pariwisata dan seni budaya di Bali
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