Wayang Seni Ritual, Dulu Dimainkan oleh Saman

 Wayang Seni Ritual, Dulu Dimainkan oleh Saman

Sekali waktu tontonlah pertunjukan wayang kulit khas Bali. Seni pertunjukan wayang tidak hanya sebagai hiburan belaka, namun sudah menjadi bagian dari upacara ritual masyarakat Hindu di Bali. Setiap mengelar upacara tergolong besar, pertunjukan seni teater komplek yang memadukan keselarasan gerak tari, musik, vokal, lukis, dan sastra ini selalu hadir sebagai pemuput karya. Lebih-lebih, bagi anak yang lahir pada tumpek wayang, pertunjukan seni wayang pasti digelar.

Dosen Fakultas Seni Pertunjukan Institut Seni Indonesia (ISI) Denpasar, Dewa Wicaksana mengatakan, wayang sebagai pertunjukan seni teater komplek secara filosofi merupakan cermin prilaku kehidupan. Sebab, semua karakter dari kehidupan manusia, hewan, dan tumbuh-tumbuhan ada di sana. Dalam perjalanannya, pertunjukan kesenian wayang dapat digolongkan menjadi tiga, yaitu sebagai pertunjukan seni wali (pelengkap upacara), sebagai bebali (penunjang upacara), dan balih-balihan (hiburan).

Pertunjukan wayang sebagai Wali, juga dapat dikategorikan menjadi tiga: Wayang Lemah, Wayang Sapu Leger dan Wayang Sudamala. Wayang lemah dipentaskan sebagai pelengkap upacara (Dewa Yadnya, Rsi Yadnya, Manusa Yadnya, Pitra Yadanya, Bhuta Yadnya) yang lebih menekankan pada sebuah persembahan. Wayang Lemah dipertunjukan pada siang hari dan cerita yang diangkat disesuaikan dengan jenis upacara yang digelar.


Wayang Lemah ©ist

Sedangkan Wayang Sapu Leger dan Wayang Sudamala merupakan pertunjukan wayang kulit biasa yang digelar malam hari. Namun, dalam pentasnya khusus untuk meruwat anak yang lahir pada tumpek wayang sehingga mengangkat ceritera dan memakai banten yang khusus pula. Pertunjukan Wayang Sapu Leger biasanya mengambil kisah Dewa Kala atau Siwa Rare Kumara. Sedang Wayang Sudamala, memakai ceritra Durga yang diruwat oleh Sahadewa.

Seniman ini mengatakan, sampai saat ini sampai saat ini belum ada yang mengetahui kapan wayang itu lahir. Namun, informasi yang berkembang wayang itu dikatakan berasal dari India karena dikuatkan dengan cerita yang diambil dari Epos Ramayana dan Mahaberata. Namun, secara etimologi kata wayang serta aparatus lainnya seperti damar wayang, kelir, cepala, keropak, blencong, gedebong terdapat di dalam bahasa Jawa Kuno.

Menurut pria asal Klungkung ini mengatakan, wayang diperkirakan sudah ada sebelum masehi, jauh sebelum masuknya berbagai pengaruh kebudayaan luar. Dulu, wayang bentuknya sederhana yang dipertunjukan pada malam hari sebagai sebuah persembahan kepada leluhur. Bahkan kesenian wayang ini dulu hanya dimainkan oleh Saman (seorang ahli yang mampu berkomonikasi dengan leluhur).

Wicaksana mengatakan, setelah masuknya budaya Hindu yang kebetulan memiliki persamaan budaya, wayang mulai mengarah kepada seni pertunjukan dengan menggandeng berbagai jenis cerita. ”Di Indonesia, wayang Bali diperkirakan tertua. Hal itu dibuktikan dengan adanya relief berwujud wayang yang bentuknya persis wayang Bali di Candi Penataran, Jawa Timur,” katanya.

Meski sebagai seni pertunjukan yang populer di mata masyarakat, tidak gampang menjadi seorang dalang. Di samping memerlukan konsentrasi tinggi dan stamina yang fit, seseorang dalang dutuntut juga menguasai bahasa kawi, mecepala, memainkan dan menyuarakan masing-masing karakter dari pada tokoh wayang. Paling tidak, dalang harus mengetahui rasa seni musik, tari dan mengetahui sastra.

Menjadi seorang dalang itu diawali dari melakukan penyucian diri (lewat pewintenan) dan mesakapan (kawin) dengan wayang. Tujuanya, untuk menyatukan wayang dan dalang sehingga dalam setiap pertunjukannya muncul taksu (inner power) wayang sesungguhnya. Proses ritual itu juga sebagai tanda bahwa dalang berfungsi sebagai pandita bergelar Jero Dalang yang bertugas untuk membuat tirta (air suci). [B/*]

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124 Comments

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  • Gram tu od mniej wiecej kwartalu, wiec nie pisze po jednym wieczorze. Podrzucil mi to kolega z innego forum, bo chcialem znalezc cos, gdzie wyplaty nie ciagna sie tydzien. Biblioteka gier w Fiery Play jest naprawde spore — jakies 2500-3000 tytulow, co prawda w praktyce wracam do kilkunastu.

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    Oferta powitalna jest dosc typowa: 100% do jakichs 1500 zl i 150 spinow, obroty leca partiami. Obrot ustawiony jest na x40, wiec bez cudow, standard rynkowy. Aktualne kody i to co akurat leci sprawdzisz na fieryplay kasyno zanim wplacisz pierwsza stowke. Jakis no deposit tez sie przewija, tyle ze groszowe sumy.

    Zakladanie konta poszlo w doslownie trzy minuty, minimalna wplata zaczyna sie od 40 zl. Wrzucam kase Blikiem albo karta, Visa i Mastercard smigaja, jest tez krypto z Bitcoinem. Wyplacanie w Fiery Play zajmowalo jakies 6-12 godzin na Skrilla, przelewem bankowym juz 2-3 dni. Jedyne co mnie wkurzylo to weryfikacja — musialem wysylac dowod dwa razy, potem juz z gorki.

    Z komorki gram przez przegladarke i spokojnie wystarcza. Wczytuje sie szybko, z tym ze stoly na zywo wymagaja dobrego zasiegu. Czat w Fiery Play odpowiada po polsku i to nie translatorem, czekalem srednio 3-5 minut. Licencja to Curacao — nikt tu nie ma polskiej koncesji, wiec tyle w temacie. Wazne, ze pieniadze wracaja i nie ma cyrku z odmowami.

  • Been using Nonebet for about five months now, mainly on the train home, and figured I’d say a bit since a mate asked me. Getting an account took no time — email and a password, that’s it, although the ID verification came later, which is standard. Minimum was around $10 which is fine for a casual punter.

    There’s a stupid amount of games — somewhere north of 4,000 games last I looked. Play’n GO dominates, so Gates of Olympus and Sweet Bonanza get pushed hard. I mostly stick to the Megaways stuff when I want longer sessions. NetEnt classics are in there too. The live section is Evolution-powered, which means actual dealers, blackjack tables at all hours and Crazy Time and Monopoly Live if that’s your thing.

    Bonus-wise the offer when I joined was 100% up to $500 plus 100 free spins, wagering was around 35x which is standard for AU-facing sites, not generous. There was a small no deposit thing for a while but don’t count on it. Terms change fairly often so it’s worth reading the actual T&Cs at Nonebet if you’re thinking about it. What did get on my nerves was the max bet rule while wagering — I busted it by accident once and lost the lot. My fault, but still.

    Withdrawals have been decent. Bitcoin withdrawals landed in under an hour both times, Skrill and Neteller were 24 hours or so, but the Visa one took nearly four days which is the slow lane. Deposits are instant via card, Skrill, Neteller and the usual coins.

    Their live chat answered me at 2am, actual humans after the first canned reply. Nonebet doesn’t have a proper app that I’ve found — it’s just the mobile browser, but it runs fine on my iPhone. Licensed out of Curacao, so not local regulation, make of that what you will if you’re in Australia.

  • This reading theme concerns Bitcoin fundamentals and digital asset terminology. Individual sources should be evaluated on their own merits.

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  • Right now it seems like Expression Engine is the preferred blogging platform out there right now. (from what I’ve read) Is that what you’re using on your blog?

  • Hey I know this is off topic but I was wondering if you knew of any widgets I could add to my blog that automatically tweet my newest twitter updates. I’ve been looking for a plug-in like this for quite some time and was hoping maybe you would have some experience with something like this. Please let me know if you run into anything. I truly enjoy reading your blog and I look forward to your new updates.

  • Currently it sounds like BlogEngine is the top blogging platform available right now. (from what I’ve read) Is that what you are using on your blog?

  • Right now it seems like WordPress is the preferred blogging platform out there right now. (from what I’ve read) Is that what you are using on your blog?

  • Wow that was odd. I just wrote an incredibly long comment but after I clicked submit my comment didn’t appear. Grrrr… well I’m not writing all that over again. Anyways, just wanted to say fantastic blog!

  • Hello there, You’ve done a fantastic job. I’ll certainly digg it and for my part suggest to my friends. I am confident they’ll be benefited from this web site.

  • Can I just say what a comfort to discover somebody who actually knows what they’re talking about online. You certainly know how to bring an issue to light and make it important. A lot more people must read this and understand this side of your story. I was surprised you are not more popular given that you surely possess the gift.

  • Hey I know this is off topic but I was wondering if you knew of any widgets I could add to my blog that automatically tweet my newest twitter updates. I’ve been looking for a plug-in like this for quite some time and was hoping maybe you would have some experience with something like this. Please let me know if you run into anything. I truly enjoy reading your blog and I look forward to your new updates.

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  • Currently it looks like Drupal is the preferred blogging platform out there right now. (from what I’ve read) Is that what you are using on your blog?

  • Hey there, You have performed a fantastic job. I will definitely digg it and for my part suggest to my friends. I’m sure they’ll be benefited from this website.

  • At this time it looks like Movable Type is the preferred blogging platform out there right now. (from what I’ve read) Is that what you are using on your blog?

  • Hey I know this is off topic but I was wondering if you knew of any widgets I could add to my blog that automatically tweet my newest twitter updates. I’ve been looking for a plug-in like this for quite some time and was hoping maybe you would have some experience with something like this. Please let me know if you run into anything. I truly enjoy reading your blog and I look forward to your new updates.

  • Wow that was unusual. I just wrote an incredibly long comment but after I clicked submit my comment didn’t appear. Grrrr… well I’m not writing all that over again. Anyways, just wanted to say wonderful blog!

  • Aw, this was a really nice post. Spending some time and actual effort to create a really good article… but what can I say… I procrastinate a lot and never seem to get anything done.

  • Hey I know this is off topic but I was wondering if you knew of any widgets I could add to my blog that automatically tweet my newest twitter updates. I’ve been looking for a plug-in like this for quite some time and was hoping maybe you would have some experience with something like this. Please let me know if you run into anything. I truly enjoy reading your blog and I look forward to your new updates.

  • May I just say what a comfort to discover someone that actually knows what they are discussing on the web. You definitely realize how to bring an issue to light and make it important. A lot more people ought to read this and understand this side of your story. It’s surprising you’re not more popular because you surely have the gift.

  • Currently it sounds like Movable Type is the best blogging platform available right now. (from what I’ve read) Is that what you are using on your blog?

  • Hey there, You have performed a fantastic job. I will certainly digg it and individually suggest to my friends. I am sure they’ll be benefited from this website.

  • Can I just say what a relief to find someone that genuinely knows what they’re talking about on the internet. You actually know how to bring an issue to light and make it important. More and more people have to read this and understand this side of the story. I can’t believe you aren’t more popular given that you certainly have the gift.

  • Hey I know this is off topic but I was wondering if you knew of any widgets I could add to my blog that automatically tweet my newest twitter updates. I’ve been looking for a plug-in like this for quite some time and was hoping maybe you would have some experience with something like this. Please let me know if you run into anything. I truly enjoy reading your blog and I look forward to your new updates.

  • Right now it sounds like BlogEngine is the top blogging platform out there right now. (from what I’ve read) Is that what you are using on your blog?

  • Wow that was strange. I just wrote an really long comment but after I clicked submit my comment didn’t show up. Grrrr… well I’m not writing all that over again. Regardless, just wanted to say excellent blog!

  • Hi there, You have performed a fantastic job. I’ll definitely digg it and personally suggest to my friends. I’m sure they will be benefited from this website.

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